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A Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) is a law enforcement officer trained to identify people whose driving is impaired by drugs other than, or addition to, alcohol . DREs often testify in court, where the term "expert" has important legal implications. Some jurisdictions do not allow the term Drug Recognition ''Expert.'' In these jurisdictions DREs are called Drug Recognition Evaluators, or Drug Recognition Technicians. The acronym 'DRE' has been used to refer not just to the DRE officers, but also to the examination they perform, the "Drug Recognition Examination," or "Drug Recognition Evaluation." The confluence of acronyms leads to confusion, and the IACP now calls the evaluation done by DRE officers the "Drug Influence Evaluation," DIE. DIEs were developed by police officers from the Los Angeles (California) Police Department in the early 1970s. The officers' drug recognition methods were officially recognized by the LAPD management in 1979, and adopted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in the early 1980s. As of 2005, approximately 6,000 police officers are certified as Drug Recognition Experts. Certification is issued by the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP).〔http://www.theiacp.org/〕 == DRE Training == DRE training and certification standards are defined by the International Association of Chiefs of Police 〔International Standards of the Drug Evaluation and Classification Program http://www.theiacp.org/portals/0/pdfs/DREstandards.pdf〕 Training is available only to "a person ... in the employ and under the direct control of (1) a public criminal justice agency involved in the enforcement of criminal or traffic safety laws or (2) an institution involved in providing training services to officers of law enforcement agencies.".〔International Standards of the DECP §1.1〕 IACP standards require DREs training to be done using an official Student Manual. This manual.〔NHTSA: Drug Evaluation and classification training: the Drug Recognition Expert School. Washington, DC: National Traffic Highway Safety Administration;2010. DOT HS172A R01/10.〕 is widely cited in court as defining standards for the performance of a Drug Influence Evaluation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Drug Recognition Expert」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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